Njengoba iHezbollah isekela ababhikishi bagasele Inxusa laseMelika eBeirut ngokweseka iHamas, abantu baseMelika bangase bangaqapheli lezi zinhlangano ezimbili zamaphekula (okungavunywanga yiNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene, edla izigidi kuzo) zithole amakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi osizo lwezezimali lwase-US eminyakeni emithathu edlule kuphela.
Izono ze-Hezbollah kanye nezinhlaka zayo zabamabhange baseLebhanon - okuhlanganisa umbusi weBhange LaseLebanon u-Riad Salameh kanye no-Antoun Sehnaoui, isikhulu esiphezulu se-Société Générale Bank of Lebanon (SGBL) - zisanda kuvezwa ezinkantolo eLebanon nase-United States.
Manje amaMelika afunda kabusha ukuthi ukupha kwawo kunomvuzo wawo.
Kodwa kunomlando omude womhlaba wonke 'woxhaso lwezimali lwamaphekula' oluxhaswe nguhulumeni futhi oluyimfihlo. Futhi uyini umphumela wokugcina?
Nokho, eminyakeni engamashumi amane edlule kule nyanga, i-Hezbollah eyayisanda kumiswa ngaleso sikhathi yahlasela amasosha ase-US kusukela ngeMpi yase-Iwo Jima ngo-1945. Kwaqhuma ibhomu elolini enkanjini eBeirut elabulala ama-220 US Marines kanye nabanye abasebenzi be-21. ujutshwe emkhankasweni wamazwe ngamazwe wokugcina ukuthula. Ibhomu lesibili elolini labulala amasosha angama-58 aseFrance.
Abefundisi baseLebanese abangamaShia Muslim abasungula iHezbollah ekuqaleni bamukela imodeli ebekwe u-Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini wase-Iran ngokwesekwa abafundisi abangu-1,500 be-Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps; UKhomeini ngokwakhe wakhetha igama elithi Hezbollah.
I-Hamas kamuva yasungulwa ngamalungu e-Muslim Brotherhood phakathi kwamanye ngo-1987 futhi ngemva nje kwalokho, yagomela inhloso yayo yokulwa impi engcwele engapheli ngokumelene no-Israyeli.
Isikhathi esiningi sokuba khona kwayo, iHamas ne-Iran bebengabambisene abaqinile. Israyeli uthi I-Iran ihlinzeka cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-100 ngonyaka ekusizeni ngezimali iHamas; UMnyango Wezwe LaseMelika ubika ukuthi i-Iran futhi inikeza Hamas ngezikhali kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwezempi. Okuningi kuza ngamadola aseMelika akhokhelwa yi-UN Isikhungo Sokusiza Nezemisebenzi.
Ngemuva kokuthi uhulumeni wakwa-Israel edingise izisebenzi ze-Hamas ezingama-418 eLebanon ngo-1992, kwaba yi-Hezbollah eyabafundisa lapho ukwakha nokusebenzisa amabhomu okuzibulala.
Ngemali eyengeziwe engu-$50 million ngonyaka evela e-Iran, i-Hamas yaqala ukwenza amabhomu okuzibulala ngokumelene nemigomo yakwa-Israel.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-Iran yathuthukisa imizila yokushushumbisa ukuze inikeze i-Hamas izikhali ezithuthuke kakhulu.
Futhi kule nyanga nje, iHamas yethula ukuhlasela kwayo okukhulu kunawo wonke kwa-Israyeli kusukela ngempi yango-1967.
Njengoba u-Israyeli ephendula, imibuzo iyaqhubeka - njengokuthi kungani i-Iran igxile kakhulu ekuhlaselweni kwamaphekula e-US nase-Israel?
Futhi mhlawumbe okubaluleke nakakhulu, izinhlangano ezifana ne-Hamas ne-Hezbollah, ziye zaqhubeka kanjani ngokungaguquguquki ukuba ngabahlomuli bemali eseduze okuye yathela izithelo kubo bobabili abaxhasi bombuso njenge-Iran, ngisho nasezinhlanganweni ezizimele, izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi kanye nabantu ngabanye, njengoRiad Salameh no-Antoun Sehnaoui?
Abagxeki benqubomgomo yaseMelika bavame ukusola izenzo ze-Eisenhower Administration ngo-1953 zokususa uNdunankulu wase-Iran. Mohammad Mosaddegh, umphikisi wepolitiki wesikhathi eside ka-Reza Khan (kamuva owaba ngu-Reza Shah Pahlavi) njengomgqugquzeli womkhuba wokuxhasa ngezimali amaphekula. U-Shah wabusa i-Iran iminyaka engu-26 kwaze kwaba yilapho uKhomeini, owayesekudingisweni, ethatha izintambo zombuso ngemuva kwemibhikisho eyayiholwa ngabafundi yamkhipha esikhundleni yafaka uKhomeini njengo-Ayatollah.
Khomeini kanye nomlandeli wakhe u-Ayatollah Ali Khamenei kudala belahla I-US "njengosathane omkhulu" futhi yafunga ukuletha "ukufa eMelika" kanye "nokufa kwa-Israyeli." Inzondo kaKhomeini nge-US yabangela ukuthi ama-acolyte akhe ashaqe iNxusa leNxusa laseMelika eTehran ngo-1979 futhi abambe abantu baseMelika abangu-52 izinsuku ezingu-444.
Ngesinye inkulumo engajwayelekile ngo-2015, uKhamenei wathi i-Iran ngeke ilahle ukweseka kwayo "abantu abacindezelwe basePalestine, baseYemen, ohulumeni baseSyria nase-Iraqi, abantu abacindezelwe baseBahrain kanye nabalweli bezempi abaqotho eLebanon."
A Umbiko we-2005 yiWashington Institute ibika ngokuxhasa kwe-Iran umkhankaso wobushokobezi we-Hezbollah kanye nezenzo zobugebengu ezisabalele ze-Hezbollah. Ngisho neminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule, i-Iran ibihlinzeka ngemali efinyelela ku-$200 million ngonyaka ngemali nangezikhali.
I-Iran iphinde ixhase i-Hezbollah ngokusebenzisa izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi ezizimele kanye nezinhlangano ezingaphambili. Ikakhulukazi, i-al-Aqsa International Foundation evinjelwe kabanzi ithumele izigidi zamadola nezikhali kwaHamas, al Qaeda, kanye neHezbollah.
Njengomsizi kaNobhala Wezwe u-Anthony Wayne etshela iCongress ngo-2003,
“Uma uxhasa inhlangano ngezimali, noma ngabe miningi imisebenzi yokuphana eqhubekayo, kukhona ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwezimali. Uqinisa inhlangano”.
Ngokudabukisayo, nanamuhla, abaningi abakasifundi lesi sifundo.
I-Al-Qaeda kanye ne-Hezbollah kubikwa ukuthi babambisana ekukhwabaniseni imali kanye nokukhwabanisa kwebhange - Icala elilodwa eliphawulekayo, elisanda kuvezwa abashushisi baseLebanon, eliqondiswe kuSalameh, uSehnaoui, kanye nabahwebi abane abakhulu baseLebanon "ngobugebengu bokukhwabanisa imali obubangelwa imisebenzi yokuhweba ngemali ngenhloso ukuchayeka emalini kazwelonke.”
Inkampani yamatekisi edlulisa uMichel Mecattaf ibekwe icala lokushushumbisa izigidigidi zamaRandi ngokungemthetho njengengxenye yohlelo lweSalameh-Sehnaoui olwalusekela ukuphila okunethezekile kwabamabhange kodwa futhi yathumela izigidi kwaHezbollah.
USehnaoui kanye ne-SGBL namuhla bangabamangalelwa abayinhloko odabeni oluqhubekayo Icala lase-US efakwe imindeni yezisulu zobushokobezi be-Hezbollah lapho abamangali besola ukusebenzisana ne-Hezbollah ngamabhange ayishumi nambili aseLebanon.
Abameli bommangali bangase bawine leli cala, kodwa imindeni yezisulu kungase kudingeke ilinde … futhi ilinde … ngaphambi kokubona indibilishi eyodwa.
Isibonelo, imindeni yezisulu zamasosha aseBeirut ngo-1983 yafaka icala ngo-2010 - eminyakeni eyisikhombisa ngemuva kokuthi ijaji likhiphe isinqumo sokuthi I-HezbollahUkuhlasela kuka-Iran kuyalwe - futhi eminyakeni emithathu ngemuva kokuthi iJaji lesiFunda sase-US uRoyce Lamberth wayala i-Iran ukuba ibakhokhele u-$2.65 billion.
Ngo-2013, iJaji leNkantolo yesiFunda yase-US uKatherine Forrest wakhipha isinqumo sokukhulula imali yase-Iranian engu-$1.75 billion, eyayigcinwe ku-akhawunti yase-New York Citibank, izisulu. Ngemva konyaka, inkantolo yokudlulisa amacala yasisekela isinqumo seJaji Forrest, nango-2016 kanjalo iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-US.
NgoMashi 2023, elinye ijaji layala i-Bank Markazi, ibhange elikhulu lase-Iran, kanye ne-Clearstream Banking SA ukuthi bakhokhe u-$1.68 billion kumalungu omndeni abekezelele isikhathi eside.
Njengoba belinde imali yabo, uhulumeni wase-US umise impahla yase-Iranian, esikhundleni sokunxephezela lezi kanye nezinye izisulu zobuphekula obusekelwa yi-Iran.
Emashumini eminyaka adlule, ukuthunyelwa kwe-counterterrorism u-Matthew Levitt uxwayise lokho
"Uma i-US ihluleka ukuvumelanisa isiko lomthetho wethu kanye nomphakathi wezobunhloli, ukwenza imithetho nezinqubo ezifanele, nokwenza izinsiza ezidingekayo nokuxazulula, sizothola impi yokwesaba ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukulwa nayo, ehlala isikhathi eside kangako. ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi okubiza izindleko eziphakeme nezidabukisayo ekuphileni komuntu.”
Ukushaya kule nyanga okwenziwa yi-Hamas kubantu abangenacala ekhonsathini nasezinsaneni kufakazela ukuthi izexwayiso zika-Levitt azinakwanga.
Osopolitiki kanye nepolitiki baqhubekile nokwenza sengathi labo abenze izifungo zegazi zokubhubhisa i-US kanye no-Israel abakaze baqonde lokho futhi bona ngokwabo badla izigidigidi zamaRandi emaqenjini amaphekula ngethemba eliyize lokuthi imali ingathenga ukuthula.
Kodwa iqiniso elidabukisayo liwukuthi imali enikezwa amaphekula avela emithonjeni engenakubalwa ithenga izikhali ezengeziwe, inkulumo-ze eyengeziwe, ukuchitheka kwegazi okwengeziwe, nezimpi eziningi.
